Hydraulic-cartridge apparatus.



W. J. REILLY & D. V. SICKMAN.

HYDRAULIC CARTRIDGE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR.27, 1914.

1 ,271 ,940. Patented July 9, 1918.

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W. J. REILLY & D. V. SICKMAN.

HYDRAULIC CARTRIDGE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION man mm], 1914. 1,271,940. Patented July 9,1918. 3SHEETSSHEET 2.

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W. J. REILLY & D. V. SICKMAN.

HYDRAULIC CARTRIDGE APPARATUS.

1,271,940. P PatefitedJuly9, 1918.

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WILLIAM J. REILLY AND DAVY VANCE .SICKMAN, 01? DENVER, COLORADO,

H DEAULIGPGAB' B/ DGE E B' TU-S.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 9, 1918.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, l/VILLIAM J. REILLY and DAVY VAN OE SIOKMAN,citizens of the United States, residing at the city and county of Denverand State of Colorado, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Hydraulic Cartridge Apparatus; and we do declare the following to bea full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as willenable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to thecharacters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of thisspecification.

Our invention relates to improvements in hydraulic cartridge apparatus,adapted for use in breaking down coal or other material in mines.Hydraulic cartridges have here tofore been used for this purpose, butour improvement relates to special means whereby the pressure or linesof stress or strain exerted during the breaking down operation, may beregulated and controlled. Our improvement relates to the special shapeand construction of the pistons employed in connection with the body ofthe cartridge. These pistons are elongated or ellipsoidal in shape,whereby a relatively great area or pressure surface may be obtainedwithout increasing the diameter of the bodyof the cartridge, which isusually cylindrical in shape. Heretofore, the pistons employed have beencylindrical in shape, and for this reason the area of the pressuresurface has been limited by the diameter of the cartridge body. Byemploying the elongated or ellipsoidal form of piston, the pressure areaof each piston may be increased at pleasure without increasing thediameter or transverse thickness of the body of the device.

The ellipsoidal shape of piston, broadly considered, together with someother features of construction of the cartridge, are covered in PatentNo. 1,141,077 issued May 25th, 1915, to me, Davy Vance Sickman and mycopending application, Serial No. 872,498 filed November 16th, 1914, forimprovements in hydraulic cartridges, and this application is limited tothe special shape of the pressure surfaces of the pistons, which actdirectly upon the coal or other material during the breaking downoperation. To be more specific, the working or operating surfaces of thpi ns a e made ei h r o a e or convex, or concave in one direction andconvex in the other direction, or concave both longitudinally andtransversely, or convex both longitudinally and transversely. By virtueof this peculiar shape or configuration of the pistons, the lines ofstress or strain exerted by the pistons during the breaking downoperation may be regulated and controlled as may be required in order tomore advantageously perform the required function.

Having briefly outlined our improved construction, we will proceed todescribe the same in detail, reference being made to the accompanyingdrawing, in which is illustrated an embodiment thereof. In this drawing,

Figure 1 is a section taken through a portion of a coal mine, forinstance, showing a block of coal arranged to be broken down by theemployment of hydraulic cartridges, the section being takenlongitudinally of the cartridge, or parallel. with the direction of ahole in which the cartridge is inserted for breaking down purposes.

Fig. 2 is a transverse section illustrating diagrammatically a number ofcartridges in place for breaking down purposes, the lines of stress orstrain being indicated by dotted lines.

Fig. 3 is a section taken longitudinally through a cartridge havingpistons shaped in accordance with our present invention, the operatingor working faces of the pis tons being of different configuration inorder to bring out the various combinations of piston construction whichmay be employed in asingle cartridge.

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are cross sections taken through the cartridge on thelines 44, 55, and 6-6, respectively, of Fig. 3.

Figs. 7 and 8, are perspective views illustrating different shapes ofpistons, so far as their working faces are concerned.

Figs. 9 and 10 are views showing the working faces of a correspondingnumber of pistons of ellipsoidal shape.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all the views.

Let the numeral 5 designate the body of the cartridge, which i ispreferably cylindrical in shape, and adapted to be inserted in a hole 6formed in the coal or other material adjacent the block or mass to bebroken down. As illustrated in the drawing (see Figs. 1 and 2), holes inwhich the cartridges are introduced are shown above the block or mass ofcoal 7 to be broken down. It is evident however, that. thes cartridgesmay be employed to break the mass of material by forcing it eitherupwardly or laterally in either direction, as well as downwardly.

The body of the cartridge is provided with a number of chambers 8 inwhich is located a corresponding number of pistons 9, 10 and 12. Asillustrated in the drawing, the cartridge contains three pistons (seeFig. 3). It is evident however, that a greater or less number of pistonsmay be employed in a single cartridge, if desired.

These pistons and their chambers which are of course, counterpart inshape, are elongated, and their sides between the curved ends may beeither ellipsoidal or gradually curved, (see Figs. 9 and 10), or theopposite sides between the curved ends of the pistons may be flat andparallel, as indicated in Figs. 7 and 8.

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 3 to 6, inclusive, theparticular shape or configuration of theworking or operating faces ofthe pistons will be described. The piston designated by the numeral 9 isconvex in shape, longitudinally and concave trans versely, and by virtueof this peculiar shape,

the lines of stress or strain are caused to diverge from each otherlongitudinally, as indicated by the dotted lines 13, while they arecaused to converge transversely, as indicated by the lines 14, (see Fig.l).

Again, the piston designated by the numeral 10 has its operating orworking face concave both longitudinally and transversely, whereby thelines of stress or strain are caused to converge longitudinally, asshown by the dotted lines in Fig. 3, and transversely, as shown by thedotted lines 16, in Fig. 5.

Again, the piston designated by the numeral 12 has its working faceconcave longitudinally and convex transversely, whereby the lines ofstress or strain are caused to converge longitudinally as indicated bythe dotted lines 17 in Fig. 3, and diverge transversely, as indicated bythe lines 18-18, in Fig. 6. I

By this peculiar combination of pistons having different working faces,in a single cartridge, it is evident that the lines of stress or strainmay be regulated and controlled at the will. of the.operator or ascircumstances may dictate. Various other combinations so far as th shapeof the working or operating faces of the pistons are concerned, may, ofcourse, be employed.

Again, the operating or working face of any piston may have a singlecurvature either longitudinally or transversely. For instance, in Fig. 7th working face 20 of the piston is concave longitudinally Withoutanytransverse curvature. In Fig. 8, the working face 22 of the piston isconcave transversely without any longitudinal curvature. Furthermore,these pistons illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, while elongated, are notstrictly ellipsoidal in shape, as the opposite sides 23 between thecurved ends 2 1 of the pistons are fiat and parallel.

Again, in Figs. 9 and 10, the pistons are ellipsoidal in shape, or arecurved continuously, though elongated in form, the sides between theircurved ends being also gradually curved, their faces, however, are ofdifferent configuration. is longitudinally concave without anytransverse curvature. In Fig. 10, th face is transversely concavewithout any longitudinal curvature.

In operating the pistons, water is deliv ered through a port 25 in anozzle 26, to a port 27 in the body of the cartridge from which a branchorifice 28 leads to the foremost chamber 8. The water also passes fromthe port 27 into a relatively long port 29' from which branches 30, 31and 32 lead to the respective piston chambers of the cartridge body.These chambers are also in communication with each other by means ofports 33 formed in the partitions 34 which separate th piston chambers.By virtue of this arrangement of ports, water is introduced to thepiston chambers under the necessary pressure to act upon the upperextremities of the pistons and forc the latter downwardly or outwardly,whereby they act upon the block or mass of coal or other material 7'tobreak down or dislodge the same. In order to form fluid tight jointsbetween the pistons and the inner surfaces of the walls of theirchambers, gaskets 35 are employed, the same being held in place byplates 36 which are secured to the bodies of the pistons by cap screws37.

In Fig. 9, the face The opposite ends of. the pistons are grooved asshown at 38 to receive the extremities 39 of guide plates 40 which aresecured to the body of the cartridge by screws 41. The extremities 39 ofthe plates 40 serve as stops which engage the shoulders 42 at the innerextremities of the grooves 38. By virtue of this arrangement the pistonsare prevented from moving entirely out of their respective chambers.

From the foregoing description, the use and operation of our improvedhydraulic cartridge apparatus will be readily under stood. The pistonsof each cartridge may be arranged with faces of varying curvature as hasalready been described, whereby the application of the lines of force orstrain may be regulated and controlled to the best advantage in breakingdown the coal or other material. For instance, by reference to Fig. 2,which is a diagram merely, we have illustrated three holes 6 formed inthe coal adjacent the block? to be broken down, and as illustrated inthe drawing, above the said block. In each of these holes is placed acartridge, and the operation of the three pistons of the threecartridges is illustrated, and these pistons are convex transverselyWithout any longitudinal curvature, Whereby the lines of stress orstrain are caused to diverge transversely, as indicated by the dottedlines 48, whereby these lines of force are approximately evenlydistributed transversely of the block or mass 7. Should it be desired tofurther distribute the lines of force, these pistons might be curvedeither concavely or convexly longitudinally, but in this diagram, Wehave not attempted to illustrate a complicated combination ofcurvatures, as it Would to a certain extent tend to confusion.

Attention is called to the fact that the perforations 83 whereby thepiston chambers 8 are in communication, are important, since in theevent that the perforations 30, 31 and 32, or any one of them should bestopped, the Water would pass from one chamber to the other and thusprevent a failure of operation. The short perforations 28 also performsa similar function With the perforations 33, since it is an additionalor auxiliary perforation to the perforations 30, 31 and 32. In this Way,a double provision is made for supplying the piston chambers With thenecessary Water to actuate the pistons for breaking down the coal, in amanner that Will be readily understood.

Having thus described our invention, What We claim is,

1. A piston for hydraulic cartridges, having its operating face curvedlongitudinally.

2. An elongated piston for hydraulic car- 40 tridges, having itsoperating face concavely curved.

3. An elongated piston for hydraulic cartridges, having its operatingface curved both longitudinally and transversely.

4. An elongated piston for hydraulic cartridges, havingits operatingface concavely curved both longitudinally and transversely.

5. A hydraulic cartridge provided With a piston ellipsoidal in shape andhaving its 50 operating face concavely curved.

6. A hydraulic cartridge provided With a piston and Whose operating faceis con cavely curved longitudinally.

7. A hydraulic cartridge provided With 55 a piston and Whose operatingface is concavely curved transversely:

In testimony whereof We affix our signatures in presence of tWoWitnesses.

WILLIAM J. REILLY. DAVY VANCE SICKMAN. Witnesses:

MAZE KIRBY, A, EBERT OBRIEN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

